Eurozone unemployment heading for 20 million

A demonstrator shouts slogans during the general strike in Pamplona, northern Spain on Thursday, May 30, 2013. People protest against the austerity measures and the strong economic crisis affecting the country with more than six million unemployed. Reading (AP Photo/Alvaro Barrientos)

A demonstrator shouts slogans during the general strike in Pamplona, northern Spain on Thursday, May 30, 2013. People protest against the austerity measures and the strong economic crisis affecting the country with more than six million unemployed. Reading (AP Photo/Alvaro Barrientos)

LONDON (AP) ? Unemployment across the 17 EU countries that use the euro is on course to hit 20 million this year, according to figures showing the jobless rate hit another record high ? the latest ignominious landmark for the currency bloc.

Eurostat, the European Union's statistics office, said Friday that the unemployment rate rose to 12.2 percent in April from the previous record of 12.1 percent the month before.

A net 95,000 people joined the ranks of the unemployed, taking the total to 19.38 million. At this pace, unemployment in the currency bloc ? which has a population of about 330 million ? could breach the 20 million mark this year.

The figures, once again, mask big disparities among the euro countries. While over one in four people are unemployed in Greece and Spain, Germany's rate is stable at a low 5.4 percent.

The differences are particularly stark when looking at the rates of youth unemployment. While Germany's youth unemployment stands at a relatively benign 7.5 percent, well over half of people aged 16 to 25 in Greece and Spain are jobless. Italy's rate has ticked up to over 40 percent.

"Youth joblessness at these levels risks permanently entrenched unemployment, lowering the rate of sustainable growth in the future," said Tom Rogers, senior economic adviser at Ernst & Young.

The differences reflect the varying performance of the euro economies ? Greece, for example, is in its sixth year of a savage recession. Germany's economy has until recently been growing at a healthy pace.

As a whole, the eurozone is in its longest recession since the euro was launched in 1999. The six quarters of economic decline is longer even than the recession that followed the financial crisis of 2008, though it's not as deep.

By contrast the U.S. economy has been growing steadily since the end of its recession in 2009 and the jobs market has started to improve, with the unemployment rate falling to 7.5 percent in April.

Though the eurozone is the epicenter of Europe's debt crisis, other countries in the region are struggling to recover as well. Some, like Britain, are also pursuing deficit reduction measures at a time when demand in their main export market ? the eurozone ? is falling. As a result, the wider 27-nation EU, which includes the non-euro countries such as Britain and Poland, has seen unemployment ratchet higher in recent months. In April it was flat at 11 percent.

One of the reasons behind Europe's economic decline is governments' focus on cutting debt aggressively by raising taxes and slashing spending programs. With many governments still pulling back on spending and business and consumer confidence still low, economists do not expect any dramatic recovery to emerge over the coming months.

The sharpest change in unemployment rates among the 17 euro countries was in Cyprus, which saw its jobless rate rise to 15.6 percent from 14.5 percent.

The small Mediterranean island nation became the fifth euro country to seek financial assistance in March. The difference with the other bailouts was that the country was asked to raise a big chunk of its rescue money from bank depositors ? a shock decision that led to a near two-week shutdown of the banks and battered economic confidence.

The European Central Bank has sought to make life easier for Europe's hard-pressed businesses and consumers by cutting its main interest rate to the record low 0.5 percent earlier this month.

Another cut is possible, but most economists say it's unlikely, even though the inflation rate is still under the ECB's target of just below 2 percent.

Eurostat said Friday that inflation in the eurozone rose to 1.4 percent in the year to May from the 38-month low of 1.2 percent recorded in April. It blamed rising food, alcohol and tobacco prices for the uptick.

Analysts said the ECB is more likely to take measures to shore up lending to small and medium-sized businesses, one of the main job creators in Europe. Such companies are currently not taking out many loans for fear the economy might worsen and because banks are charging high rates.

"So far the ECB's actions have not translated into lower lending rates for businesses and households, failing to boost activity," said Anna Zabrodzka, economist at Moody's Analytics.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-05-31-Europe-Economy/id-be8999c23d3f4d799af635e98303deee

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Power Rankings: May 4, 2013

All WWE programming, talent names, images, likenesses, slogans, wrestling moves, trademarks, logos and copyrights are the exclusive property of WWE, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All other trademarks, logos and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. ? 2013 WWE, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This website is based in the United States. By submitting personal information to this website you consent to your information being maintained in the U.S., subject to applicable U.S. laws. U.S. law may be different than the law of your home country. WrestleMania XXIX (NY/NJ) logo TM & ? 2013 WWE. All Rights Reserved. The Empire State Building design is a registered trademark and used with permission by ESBC.

Source: http://www.wwe.com/inside/power-rankings/power-rankings-may-4-2013

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First black Italian minister seeks cultural change

ROME (AP) ? Italy's first black Cabinet minister, targeted by racist slurs following her appointment last week, said Friday that Italians aren't racist but that some are merely ignorant of other cultures and the "richness" that immigration can bring.

Congolese-born surgeon Cecile Kyenge held a news conference to introduce herself to Italians so they could get to know her.

"I am not 'colored.' I am black. It's important to say that. I emphasize it proudly," she said.

Kyenge's appointment as integration minister had been hailed as a big step for Italy, which has only recently had to cope with waves of immigration and the resulting problems of integration into a largely homogeneous society.

But the move prompted racist taunts from xenophobic politicians and members of neo-fascist Internet groups ? a reaction so vile the government authorized its anti-discrimination office to investigate. (One European parliamentarian from the anti-immigrant Northern League party called her a member of a "bongo bongo government.")

One of her chief defenders, lower house speaker Laura Boldrini, told La Repubblica in an interview posted on its website Friday that she herself has been the target of death threats, which began after she stated publicly that Italy's laws about inciting racial hatred on the Internet should be tightened.

Boldrini showed the newspaper hundreds of printed pages containing the threats that she said showed "'sexist aggression" against her personally, and women in public office in general, ranging from the innocuous to the violent.

"I am not afraid to open a battle front, if necessary," Boldrini was quoted as saying. "Will we give visibility to a group of fanatics? Yes, it's true. But they are not a few, there are thousands and thousands. They are growing every day and they constitute a part of the country that we cannot ignore."

Kyenge, in her comments, thanked her defenders, but refrained from lashing out at her detractors. She stressed that Italy has a long tradition of welcoming foreigners and that that tradition must be appreciated anew and applied in daily life.

"In reality, Italy isn't a racist country," she told reporters. The problem, she said, is ignorance of the "other."

"We need to knock down these walls: Until you know the other, skepticism grows, discrimination grows," she said. "At this point, what is identified as racism has at its base not knowing other cultures. Because in reality, immigration is a richness. Diversity is a resource."

Kyenge, 48, was born in Congo and moved to Italy three decades ago to study medicine. An eye surgeon, she lives in Modena with her Italian husband and two children. She was active in local center-left politics before winning a seat in the lower Chamber of Deputies in February elections, and Premier Enrico Letta brought her into his coalition government last week.

"We hope she will start a new era for Italy, let's hope!" said Kaius Ikejezie, a Nigerian shopping at Rome's Piazza Vittorio market on Friday.

Kyenge has said her priority would be to work to make it easier for children born in Italy to immigrant parents to obtain Italian citizenship. Currently, such children can only apply when they are 18.

"We have people who are born and raised in Italy who don't have an identity," she said. "They don't feel Italian and they don't feel that they belong to their parents' homeland. We need to start from here."

She offered her own experience as an example of the discrimination that confronts non-Italians living here legally and able to contribute to society: Despite having finished at the top of her class in medical school, Kyenge said she couldn't get work in an Italian hospital for two years because she wasn't a citizen.

"I have always fought against any form of discrimination and racism," she said. But she is realistic too of the limitations of her office, the requirements for a "cultural change" and the precariousness of a government made up of longtime political rivals.

"It could be that today I leave the ministry unable to get any results," she said. "But I have to be able to put in place a basis for all those changes that are so longed-for, for all those dreams."

Unlike France, which has had two or more generations of immigrants and several ministers of African origin, Italy is a relative newcomer to immigration. Foreigners made up about 2 percent of Italy's population in 1990; currently the figure stands at 7.5 percent, according to official statistics bureau Istat.

___

Colleen Barry contributed from Milan.

Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/first-black-italian-minister-seeks-cultural-change-153813881.html

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Source: http://gizmodo.com/shaolin-warrior-stunts-are-even-crazier-in-slo-mo-486995684

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T cells rely on 'rheostat' to help ensure that the immune response matches the threat

T cells rely on 'rheostat' to help ensure that the immune response matches the threat

Wednesday, May 1, 2013

A properly functioning immune system is a lesson in balance, providing protection against disease without attacking healthy tissue. Work led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists and published recently in Nature Immunology has identified a mechanism that helps T cells find that sweet spot where the strength of the immune response matches the threat.

The finding offers important insight into the immune response. The work also lays the foundation for advancing understanding and treatment of problems that arise when the system malfunctions, including autoimmune disorders that occur when the immune system targets healthy tissue or chronic infectious diseases and cancer where the immune response is insufficient.

T cells are the white blood cells that are the body's warriors, using a variety of weapons to combat cancer and viral infections. The receptors that extend above and below the cell membrane serve as a communication channel enabling the T cell response to match the threat. The researchers found that a component of the T cell receptor functions like a rheostat, helping to regulate a key aspect of that response ? the sometimes explosive production of new T cells called proliferation.

"T cells are a double-edged sword, capable of launching a fierce attack to defeat an infection but also wreaking havoc if the response is too robust and results in damaging healthy tissue," said Dario Vignali, Ph.D., vice chair of the St. Jude Department of Immunology and the paper's senior author. "These findings suggest how T cell receptors help to manage the response and possibly guard against complications resulting from an overly aggressive response."

The results highlight the role of binding regions, called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), in orchestrating an appropriate T cell response. ITAMs are located on the receptor components that extend like tails below the surface of the cell membrane, connecting the T cell receptor to the cell's signaling pathways. Unlike other immune cell types whose receptors have just one or two ITAMs, T cell receptors have 10 ITAMs.

This study suggests that having so many ITAMs gives T cells greater flexibility in responding to threats. The research was published online February 3. Earlier work from Vignali's laboratory showed that mice whose T cells had as few as two working ITAMs could produce cytokines, molecules that combat infection by fueling inflammation. Those T cells, however, could not proliferate.

This study helps to explain why. The new study showed that without a full complement of ITAMs, T cell receptors did not assemble the machinery needed to launch proliferation. That meant proteins named Notch1 and Vav1 did not interact and connect to the T cell receptor. The study showed that these interactions were required to turn on production of another protein, c-Myc, which in turn drives proliferation.

Previous research from the laboratory of Douglas Green, Ph.D., chair of the St. Jude Department of Immunology, showed c-Myc plays a key role in preparing T cells for rapid proliferation. Until this study, however, the steps involved in inducing c-Myc production were unknown.

"Our study shows that Notch1 activation is required for maximal T cell proliferation," Vignali said. The study identified the importance of Notch1 and its association with the T cell receptor, via Vav1, in T cell proliferation. The researchers also showed that fewer functional T cell receptor ITAMs meant less Notch1 was activated.

The perceived strength of the T cell receptor signaling response also affected c-Myc expression in T cells but not cytokine secretion. T cells gauge their response in part by how strongly an antigen binds to the T cell receptor. Antigens are the pieces of the virus or other invader that alert T cells to a problem. A strong bond triggers higher levels of c-Myc and more proliferation. This study showed that T cells with fewer functional ITAMs produced less c-Myc than T cells with their full complement of 10 ITAMs regardless of the strength of the bond.

The findings reflect advances in imaging technology that allowed researchers to detect molecular interactions at the nanoscale level, said the paper's first author Clifford Guy, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in Vignali's laboratory. A nanometer is one trillionth of a meter. The technology used in this study meant scientists could track how the number of functional ITAMs affected the ability of Vav1 and Notch1 to interact to within 30 to 50 nanometers, less than one-quarter the width of a human hair.

"This suggests that much like a rheostat controls the intensity of a lamp, ITAMs regulate how T cells respond to external threats, allowing them to scale the size of the response according to the size of the perceived threat," Guy said.

###

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital: http://www.stjude.org

Thanks to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital for this article.

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Book News: Amazon in the Arab World, Playing Moby : The New ...

Twenty-five handwritten manuscripts, including those of ?The Great Gatsby,? ?The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,? and ?Mrs. Dalloway.?

Does a poem that Sylvia Plath wrote two weeks before her death reveal her as being ?disturbed??

Michael Bhaskar explores the reasons for Amazon?s reluctance to enter the Arab book world.

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Read this Q. & A. with the makers of Moby Dick, the video game.

Source: http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/05/book-news-amazon-in-arab-world-playing-moby.html

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